![\"PHOTO](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Screen-Shot-2016-05-13-at-3.32.10-PM-300x300.png\")
PHOTO 1: Roof drains should be set into a sump receiver provided and installed by the plumbing contractor.<\/p><\/div>The 2015 IECC roof thermal insulation codes have forced roof system designers to actually think through the roof system design rather than rely on generic manufacturers\u2019 details or the old built-up roof detail that has been used in the office. Don\u2019t laugh! I see it all the time. For the purpose of this article, I will deal with new construction so I can address the coordination of the interrelated disciplines: plumbing, steel and roof design. In roofing removal and replacement projects, the process and design elements would be similar but the existing roof deck and structural framing would be in place. The existing roof drain would need to be evaluated as to whether it could remain or needs to be replaced. My firm typically replaces 85 percent of all old roof drains for a variety of reasons.<\/p>\n
The new 2015 IECC has made two distinctive changes to the 2012 IECC in regard to the thermal insulation requirements for low-slope roofs with the continuous insulation on the exterior side of the roof deck:<\/p>\n
- \n
- 1. It increased the minimum requirement of thermal R-value in each of the ASHRAE regions. <\/li>\n
- 2. It now requires that this minimum R-value be attained within 4 feet of the roof drain.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Item two is the game changer. If you consider that with tapered insulation you now need to meet the minimum near the drain, as opposed to an aver- age, the total insulation thickness can increase substantially.
![\"PHOTO](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Screen-Shot-2016-05-13-at-3.32.18-PM-300x184.png\")
PHOTO 2: Roof drains need to be secured to the roof deck with under-deck clamps so they cannot move.<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n
THE ROOF DRAIN CHALLENGE<\/h4>\n
The challenge I see for designers is how to properly achieve a roof system design that will accommodate the new insulation thicknesses (without holding the drain off the roof deck, which I believe is below the designer\u2019s standard of care), transition the roof membrane into the drain and coordinate with the related disciplines.<\/p>\n
For the purpose of this tutorial, let\u2019s make the following assumptions:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Steel roof deck, level, no slope<\/li>\n
- Internal roof drains<\/li>\n
- Vapor\/air retarder required, placed on sheathing<\/li>\n
- Base layer and tapered insulation will be required<\/li>\n
- Cover board<\/li>\n
- Fully adhered 60-mil EPDM<\/li>\n
- ASHRAE Zone 5: Chicago area<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
![\"FIGURE](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Screen-Shot-2016-05-13-at-3.32.44-PM-300x234.png\")
FIGURE 1: Your detail should show the steel roof deck, steel angle framing coped to the structure, the metal sump receiver (manufactured by the roof drain manufacturer), roof drain and underdeck clamp to hold the roof drain to the roof deck.<\/p><\/div>Once the roof drain locations have been selected (for those new to this, the roof system designer should select the roof drain locations to best suit the tapered insulation layout), one should try to locate the roof drain in linear alignment to reduce tapered insulation offsets. The drain outlets should be of good size, 4-inch minimum, even if the plumbing engineer says they can be smaller. Don\u2019t place them hundreds of feet apart. Once the roof drain location is selected, inform the plumbing and structural engineers.<\/p>\n
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER COORDINATION<\/strong>
\nThe first order of business would be to give the structural engineer a call and tell him the plumbing engineer will specify the roof drain sump pan and that the structural engineer should not specify an archaic, out-of-date sump pan for built-up roofs incorporating minimal insulation.<\/p>\nWhen located in the field of the roof, the roof drains should be at structural mid spans, not at columns. When a structural roof slope is used and sloped to an exterior roof edge, the roof drains should be located as close to walls as possible. Do not locate drains sever- al or more feet off the roof edge; it is just too difficult to back slope to them. Inform the structural engineer that the steel angles used to frame the opening need to be coped to the structure, not laid atop the structure. There\u2019s no need to raise the roof deck right where all the water is to drain.<\/p>\n
![\"FIGURE](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Screen-Shot-2016-05-13-at-3.32.57-PM-300x158.png\")
FIGURE 2: A threaded roof drain extension is required
to make up the distance from deck up to the top of the insulation and must be screwed to a proper location (top of the insulation is recommended). To do so, the insulation below the drain will need to be slightly beveled. This is shown in the detail.<\/p><\/div>PLUMBING COORDINATION<\/strong>
\nNow call the plumbing engineer and tell him you need a metal sump receiver (see Photo 1), underdeck clamp (see Photo 2), cast-iron roof drain with reversible collar, threaded extension ring capable of expanding upward 5 inches, and cast-iron roof drain clamping ring and dome.<\/p>\nSend the structural and plumbing engineer your schematic roof drain detail so they know exactly what you are thinking. Then suggest they place your detail on their drawings. Why? Because you cannot believe how much the plumbing roof-related details and architectural roof details often differ! Because details differ, the trade that works on the project first\u2014plumbing\u2014 leaves the roofing contractor to deal with any inconsistencies.<\/p>\n
Your detail at this point should show the steel roof deck, steel angle framing coped to the structure, the metal sump receiver (manufactured by the roof drain manufacturer), roof drain and underdeck clamp to hold the roof drain to the roof deck (see Figure 1).<\/p>\n
PHOTOS AND ILLUSTRATIONS:<\/strong> HUTCHINSON DESIGN GROUP LLC
\n
\n![\"FIGURE](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Screen-Shot-2016-05-13-at-3.33.16-PM-300x247.png\")
FIGURE 3: A roof drain plan with insulation heights is helpful in communicating the design intent to contractors.<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n
ROOF SYSTEM INCORPORATION<\/h4>\n
It is now time to design the new roof system from the roof deck up. Our example requires a vapor retarder on a substrate board. Thus, the first consideration of how the vapor retarder will be terminated to the roof drain needs to be considered. This is a vulnerable area for air infiltration and needs careful consideration and design.<\/p>\n
For our hypothetical project, a substrate board is to be installed over the roof deck. It should be cut to the edge of the roof drain. Slight beveling of the substrate board is OK but not necessary. The drain flange should be cleaned of all foreign contaminants and coated with the manufacturer\u2019s recommended primer\/adhesive. The primer\/adhesive should also be applied to the substrate board to ensure a quality bond of the vapor retarder, which is then installed over the roof drain flange out over the substrate board. The vapor retarder at the roof drain flange should be rolled with a neoprene roller to ensure positive contact.
![\"PHOTO](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Screen-Shot-2016-05-13-at-3.33.26-PM-300x285.png\")
PHOTO 3: Here the roof drain extension ring is covered with water block over which the roof membrane will be installed. The clamping ring will compress the roof membrane into the water block and extension ring flange to create a watertight seal. Note the well-executed cover board cut tight to the edge of the drain flange and the threaded roof drain extension screwed down to be below the cover board.<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n
Next, the vapor retarder should be cut to the vertical rise in the roof drain bowl. To ensure a seal and be able to install the threaded extension, the reversible collar is now clamping the vapor retarder. A threaded roof drain extension is required to make up the distance from deck up to the top of the insulation. This threaded extension will need to be screwed to a proper location (top of the insulation is recommended). To do so, the insulation below the drain will need to be slightly beveled. This should be shown in the detail (see Figure 2). A roof drain plan with insulation heights is also helpful in communicating to the contractors the design intent (see Figure 3). To prevent a thermal short, the void between the roof drain bowl and the insulation should be sealed with spray-foam insulation, which is allowed to rise and then cut back.<\/p>\n
The designer now moves to the cover board, which should be drawn into the detail. I prefer to show the cover board cut vertically to the roof drain extension ring\u2014NOT beveled (see Photo 3). The reason is, in the field, contractors like to place their handsaw under the flange of the extension ring and cut away. When they do this, two bad things happen:
![\"PHOTO](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Screen-Shot-2016-05-13-at-3.33.42-PM-300x170.png\")
PHOTO 4: The roof drain extension ring can be seen and the top surface of the roof membrane is above the clamping ring, thus preventing ponding at the roof drain because of the thickness of the clamping ring.<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n
- \n
- 1. The roof membrane surface will be below the roof extension ring elevation and with the clamping ring result in ponding water. Clients do not like ponding water at their roof drains.<\/li>\n
- 2. The exposed cast-iron edge of the extension ring is now in contact with the membrane. A raw steel corner in contact with a roof membrane is not prudent and, after time, deck and membrane movement will result in wear on the underside of the roof drain, right where the water flows. You\u2019re basically building a future water flow to the interior.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
The membrane transition to the drain now can be designed. A single-ply membrane will need to be sealed at the roof drain extension ring flange. This is accomplished by using a full tube of water block (see Photo 3)\u2014not a single bead, not a half a tube, but a full tube!<\/p>\n
![\"PHOTO](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Screen-Shot-2016-05-13-at-3.33.50-PM-300x193.png\")
PHOTO 5: This is a well-executed roof drain and roof system installation.<\/p><\/div>It is very important to show and dimension on your detail that the roof membrane be cut 1\/2 inch off the drain extension ring wall (see Photo 4)\u2014not to the roof drain outlet pipe. Roof drains work on Bernoulli\u2019s principle (as the speed of a moving fluid\u2014liquid or gas\u2014increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases) and are designed to take a full head of water, which under movement will start to rotate much like a flushed toilet and pull water downward. Failure to show this dimension on your detail opens you to risk if there is ever a roof collapse. This is the first condition guys like me look for on a collapse; water was being restricted and, thus, the weight of water on the roof increases, joists deflect and bang! You\u2019re in court trying to explain an error in design. The drain clamping ring should be shown as set and tightened into place and the dome installed. Also, the interior roof drain bowl and storm pipe should be shown insulated.<\/p>\n
Your detail is now complete, but your work is not. I repeat: I recommend your detail be shared with the plumbing and structural engineers with the request that they review the detail; modify their specifications accordingly; and place the detail in their respective sheets, ensuring coordination.<\/p>\n
DETAILS AND COORDINATION FOR LONG-TERM SUCCESS<\/h4>\n
Roof system to roof drain intersections should always be designed. There are too many trades involved in coordination\u2014in the design preparation of details and in-field installation\u2014to be left to chance. The recent increase in thermal insulation and the requirements at the roof drain make this more challenging for many designers.<\/p>\n
With thoughtful consideration, an understanding of all the disciplines and trades involved and the coordination between them all, including roof drain and roof system components, appropriate design can be achieved (see Photo 5). With clear and concise detailing, coordination amongst disciplines, a quality long-term solution can be achieved and the big bad bear of high levels of thermal insulation at the drain tamed.<\/p>\n
PHOTOS AND ILLUSTRATIONS:<\/strong> HUTCHINSON DESIGN GROUP LLC<\/p>\n
![\"2012](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Screen-Shot-2016-05-13-at-3.39.40-PM-300x184.png\")
2012 IECC<\/p><\/div>\n
![\"2015](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Screen-Shot-2016-05-13-at-3.40.03-PM-300x194.png\")
2015 IECC<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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